Educational Reforms in Bhutan Free Essays

The purpose of the article is to discuss the weaknesses of Bhutan’s educational reforms focusing on how the educational system is not able prepare the youth for the world of work. The author implicitly discusses two questions. The first question pertains to how the education reforms fail to provide the youth with better knowledge, skills and values to match employers’ needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Educational Reforms in Bhutan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second question relate to how the educational system should be reformed to address the employment challenge. The author has used descriptive method designed to provide rich descriptive details of education reforms in Bhutan between 1961 and 2008. This article is targeted at policy makers, educationalists and public. While the research design involved in-depth narrative analysis, it did not use scientific inquiry into the subject, especially the empirical analysis and hypothesis testing. Rather than making some sweeping statement, the author could have supported those statements with some empirical analysis. However, the article can serve as the first step towards more rigorous research, as it identifies important factors leading to mismatch of education and employment in the country. The author begins by discussing the overall context of the education-employment mismatch in the country. The historical development of education system was discussed explaining the low enrolment rate in the beginning (1960s), positive change in the Bhutanese people’s attitude towards western education, and now the problem of enrolment pressure. He discusses (with figures) a growing difference in the quantitative expansion of educational facilities and the sharp rise in enrolment rate. The author also discussed about the growing number of school dropouts, entering the job markets unprepared to meet the needs and expectations of the public and private employers. He contrasts the unemployment problem in general with the shortage of workforce in the agriculture sector. The author does not mention about field research, interviews or literature reviews based on which he tried to answer his research questions. The analysis identifies six main factors of the high youth unemployment scenario in the country. These factors are inadequate education quality, limited diversity of educational tracks, mismatch between demand and supply of the youth, youth’s preference for civil service, reluctance to enter the private sector and negative attitude towards blue collar jobs. These factors are valid, but they are not consistent with the topic and research questions, that is, education reforms in Bhutan. By discussing these factors, the article is concerned more about the overall youth unemployment rather than focusing on the aspects of education system such as curriculum, pedagogy, infrastructure, quality, etc (the title seem to point out). How to cite Educational Reforms in Bhutan, Essay examples

Australian Pharmaceutical Scheme Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and the Consumption of Medicines in Australia. Answer: A publication is annually held in Australia regarding the statistics of medicine based on the production of its drug. The utilization of drug is also taken into account. ASM estimates the use of drugs by aggregate community by maintaining a data. The use of medicines that are prescribed by the doctors is necessary to able to intake in Australia. ASM represents Australian Statistics on Medicine, which maintains the procedure of publication of drugs. It is regulated by DUSC, which is mainly referred as Drug Utilization Sub-Committee, which is a part of the committee of pharmaceutical Advisory Benefits (Pearson et al., 2015). It is essential to have drug utilization that is comprehensive, as they are needed for a large number of purposes. The purposes range from evaluation and targeting the initiative of quality use of medicines. The Pharmaceutical Industry also needs it as it helps the authorities of the financing and regulatory authorities. The main aim of ASM is to put valid and comprehensive statistics on the use of medicines into the public domain in Australia (Schaffer et al., 2016). In order to enhance the healthy outcomes and the quality of medicines used in Australia, there is encouragement for International Collaboration about utilization of drugs. It can be found out in the publication of International data facilities available in Australia (Page et al., 2015). PBS processing is done for providing a summary on prescriptions and maintaining its expenditure. There are availability of various charts and tables for the processing of cost, prescription volume and drug utilization. The Department of Government Human Resource in Australia helps in providing wide range of statistical information about various programs on Medicare (Currow Sansom 2014). These programs include, MBS ( Medicare Benefits Schedule ), PBS ( Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule ), RPBS ( Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, AODR ( Australian Organ Donar Register ), AIR ( Australian Immunization Register) and PIP ( Practice Incentives Programme). Online report of Groups and BS Item use codes of PBS items, ATC classifications or patient categories. The reports on the expenditure of the drugs that are highly specialized provides with a summary of the National expenditure. This expenditure on drugs is dispensed through Community Access, Private Hospitals or Public Hospitals. This data is quarterly reported in the present financial year along with the last two financial years as well (Thai et al., 2016). The Date of supplying tablets and the date of processing provides PSB the information about expenditure under section 85. The information is updated once in particular month, mainly around its second week. The ATC groups are also included in their scheme, including with the market share and PBS sales (Vitry Roughead 2014). The pharmaceutical expenditure has risen faster than the economy in Australia presently. It has leapt up to 1.1 % of gross domestic product from a mere 0.6%. The PBS expenditure has also rose from 5 to 8 percent on a routine basis. This growth is due party by the increased utilization and the increased price of dispensed medications (Mellish et al. 2015). The expenditure on health per capital of different nations for 12 years from 1995 to 2017 is given below: Figure 1: Health expenditure per capita (Source: OECD data, 2010) The expenditure on PBS is a component that is growing at knots. It is growing around 15 to 20 % every year. If there is a continuity of its growth, then PBS will exceed on all hospitals in the recent years to come. The listing of an item on PBS leads in commitment of Government expenditure significantly. Since 1993, a decision was started to check whether the drugs that were sold, actually were cost effective (Blanch et al. 2015). In 1987, the legalization on the analysis of cost-effectiveness was passed. Other details on submission listing, incorporating analysis of cost effectiveness was passed in 1990 and its definitive guidelines in the year 1992. A drug can be listed in PBS only if it follows certain criteria. They are as follows: Needed for significant medical treatment or its prevention, that is not covered. It can also be of not effective cost. The drugs must be less toxic, more effective than the drug that is listed already for benefiting the same issue and is accepted for its cost effectiveness. If the drug is more effective or shows symptoms of speedy recovery besides being safe. The legality of drugs is taken into account by PBPA on the basis of certain steps listed below, They look out on the cost effectiveness and criticality of drugs. Researching on the prices of alternative brands of the same drug. Comparing the price of drugs that are ranging in same group of therapeutic drugs. Estimation of cost information provided by supplier. Taking in account economies of scale, prescription volumes and all other factors like storage requirements, date expiration, special manufacturing requirements and product stability. Checking the price of the particular drugs in other overseas countries which are relevant. The PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme) refers to a programme of the Australian Government. Here, the Government provides subsidized prescribed drugs to the residents of Australia. They also prescribe drugs for foreign visitors, covered by an agreement of Reciprocal Health Care. The total benefit that has been dispensed under the scheme is given below: Figure 2: Community prescription dispensed (Source: Created by Author) In Australia, the cost of consumption of medicine is quite high when compared the other countries. In most cases, the Australians are paying four times greater value than that of their price in the international market for most of the drugs that are prescribed by the doctors. As a result of which nearly about 6% patients in Australia delays or avoid taking essential medicines due to their cost. According to the report published by Grattan Institute, it is stated that the cost of some medicines in Australia is 3.7 times more than their international prices that is unacceptably high. Prices of 19 Australian drugs were compared with that of the prices prevailing in UK, Canada and New Zealand and it was found that even after the 2nd round of cutting of the price of the drugs, it was still 3.7 times higher on an average than that of the best benchmark price. After assessing the reports it was found that the prices of the drugs in Australia was almost as twice as the same drugs costs in UK and 3.1 times higher than they actually costs in New Zealand. A fact that the governments price disclosure policy was performing quite slowly was also added in the report. According to the report of an established health economist Stephen Duckett, many years had taken to achieve a policy that led to a considerable cut to the price of generic drugs in Australia. It is also included in the report that savings of government, tax payers and patient would be much more that what actually is if an efficient policy would have been taken place. From the above discussion it is clear that the cost of prescription drugs are significantly high is Australia. For example, Anaztrozole is a medicine that is used to cure breast cancer. In US, the market price of 30 tablets of 1mg medicine is $2.45 whereas the same medicine of same quantity in Australia costs $19.20 that is nearly about 10 times more that it cost in US. There are some reasons behind high cost of drugs in Australia such as: No Price control- The Australian government has limited or no control over majority drugs that are supplied in the market as a result of which drug makers sets their own price without anyones interference. Competition is Limited Majority of the drugs in Australia has no real competition to keep the price level at a reasonable rate. Only one or two companies make those drugs as a result of which they charge high price for those medicines. High cost of Production Development cost and production cost for few medicines are increasing in Australia. Moreover the cost of conducting research is also becoming quite expensive as a result of which the price of the medicines are also increasing. The Department of Health, Australian Government, it is found that Atorvastatin is the most commonly prescribed drug in Australia which is used to fight against high blood cholesterol level, curing pneumonia and also to reduce stomach disorders. Perindopril takes the second position in the list used to treat high blood pressure that is the second most frequently used medicine in Australia. At the third place comes Rosuvastatin that is also used to treat heart diseases, high cholesterol level, etc. The different other types of medicines that are consumed on daily basis in Australia are ESOMEPRAZOLE, PARACETAMOL, PANTOPRAZOLE, PERINDOPRIL, AMOXYCILLIN, CAFALEXIN, AMOXYCILLIN with CLAVULANIC ACID and many more. The Several issues relating to the Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme are listed below: Issues regarding confidentiality Maintaining the confidentiality of Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme is now a big problem. The government has legally issued clear cut instruction to maintain transparency which include the fact that it is necessary to make the public aware that such system of PBS exist (Daniels et al., 2017 ). Problems of future competitors The government anticipates that how expansion of the proposed deed is necessary before the enactment of the deed if other medicines are to be used in the same population. Thus, equality among the competing medicines are confirmed by this deed (Faunce, 2015). Problem relating to execution Execution of the scheme is leading to some issues. The sponsor and the department must negotiate the deed and finalize during PBAC recommendation and PBS listing. Simultaneously with the process of finalizing the prices, they take place. It is also mentioned that both the parties must execute the deed before the cut-off date (Parkinson et al., 2015). Issues regarding timeliness An essential step towards PBC-subsidizing of a drug is positive recommendation for listing by PBAC. Although before a drug is to be subsidized, there are a certain numbers of steps that are need to be followed and these process entirely consumes a lot of time (Brett et al. 2017). Such steps includes approval from cabinet, pricing, etc References Blanch, B., Pearson, S. A., Haber, P. S. (2014). An overview of the patterns of prescription opioid use, costs and related harms in Australia.British journal of clinical pharmacology,78(5), 1159-1166. Brett, J., Karanges, E. A., Daniels, B., Buckley, N. A., Schneider, C., Nassir, A., ... Pearson, S. A. (2017). Psychotropic medication use in Australia, 2007 to 2015: Changes in annual incidence, prevalence and treatment exposure.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 0004867417721018. Currow, D. C., Sansom, L. N. (2014). Uptake of medicines and prescribing patterns in the palliative care schedule of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.The Medical journal of Australia,200(10), 560-561. Daniels, B., Lord, S. J., Kiely, B. E., Houssami, N., Haywood, P., Lu, C. Y., ... Pearson, S. A. (2017). Use and outcomes of targeted therapies in early and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer in Australia: protocol detailing observations in a whole of population cohort.BMJ open,7(1), e014439. Faunce, T. (2015). How the Australia-US free trade agreement compromised the pharmaceutical benefits scheme.Australian Journal of International Affairs,69(5), 473-478. Mellish, L., Karanges, E. A., Litchfield, M. J., Schaffer, A. L., Blanch, B., Daniels, B. J., ... Pearson, S. A. (2015). The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data collection: a practical guide for researchers.BMC research notes,8(1), 634. Page, E., Kemp-Casey, A., Korda, R., Banks, E. (2015). Using Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data for pharmacoepidemiological research: challenges and approaches.Public Health Res Pract,25(4), e2541546. Parkinson, B., Sermet, C., Clement, F., Crausaz, S., Godman, B., Garner, S., ... Elshaug, A. G. (2015). Disinvestment and value-based purchasing strategies for pharmaceuticals: an international review.Pharmacoeconomics,33(9), 905-924. Pearson, S. A., Pesa, N., Langton, J. M., Drew, A., Faedo, M., Robertson, J. (2015). Studies using Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data for pharmacoepidemiological research: a systematic review of the published literature (19872013).Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety,24(5), 447-455. Schaffer, A. L., Buckley, N. A., Cairns, R., Pearson, S. A. (2016). Interrupted time series analysis of the effect of rescheduling alprazolam in Australia: taking control of prescription drug use.JAMA internal medicine,176(8), 1223-1225. Thai, L. P., Moss, J. R., Godman, B., Vitry, A. I. (2016). Cost driver analysis of statin expenditure on Australias Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.Expert review of pharmacoeconomics outcomes research,16(3), 419-433. Vitry, A., Roughead, E. (2014). Managed entry agreements for pharmaceuticals in Australia.Health Policy,117(3), 345-352.

Preparation of Identification by Ir and Nmr Spectroscopy free essay sample

The reactive acid chloride can then be treated with a primary or secondary amine to give the amide along with HCl, which reacts with the excess amine to give an alkylammonium chloride salt. The mechanism of this process is shown on the following page in Scheme 22: [pic] Scheme 2 To carry out this reaction, the apparatus shown in Figure 1 will be assembled. The apparatus must be dry, since thionyl chloride will react with water to give sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride. The acid chloride will then be cooled to room temperature and dissolved in anhydrous ether. Ice-cold diethylamine will be added as a solution in anhydrous ether to form the amide. The resulting ether mixture will washed with aqueous sodium hydroxide (to remove any excess acid chloride), then washed with hydrochloric acid (to remove any excess diethylamine). The resulting ether solution of DEET will be dried and evaporated to yield the crude product, which will then be purified by column chromatography to afford pure DEET. We will write a custom essay sample on Preparation of Identification by Ir and Nmr Spectroscopy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The percent yield from m-toluic acid will be determined and the product will be analyzed by transmission infrared spectroscopy (IR) as a neat sample using NaCl plates5 to confirm its structure by (1) looking at the major absorptions and comparing them to a correlation table6 and (2) by comparing the spectrum to that of an authentic sample. Thionyl chloride is toxic and corrosive! Do not breath the vapors! Use in a hood! When heating a reaction apparatus, be sure that it is open to the air so that pressure build up and subsequent rupture of the apparatus does not occur. When heating liquids, make sure the liquid is stirred (or a boiling chip is added) to prevent â€Å"bumping†. When performing an extraction, make sure to vent the separatory funnel often to prevent pressure build-up. The apparatus shown in Figure 1 was assembled. The 10-mL reaction flask was charged with 0. 275 g of m-toluic acid (0. 0020 mol) and 0. 30 mL of thionyl chloride (0. 492 g, 0. 0041 mol). The condenser water was started, and the mixture was gently heated with stirring on an aluminum block (block temp ~ 90 oC) until boiling started. The reaction mixture was then gently boiled for about 15 minutes. After the boiling period was finished, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. 4. 0 mL of anhydrous ether were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. To this solution was added (dropwise over a 15 minute period) a solution of 0. 6 mL of cold (0 oC) diethylamine (0. 462 g, 0. 0063 mol) in 1. 33 mL of anhydrous ether. During the addition, a thick white cloud of diethylamine hydrochloride was formed. After complete addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 10 minutes. 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 mL) was then added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 15 minutes at room temperature, then poured into a separatory funnel and allowed to separate. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was washed with an additional portion of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 mL), followed by a portion of 10% hydrochloric acid (2 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (2 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to yield crude N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide as dark brown liquid. The crude product was filtered through a short alumina column using hexane as the eluent (~ 5 mL). The hexane solution was evaporated to give 0. 340 g of pure N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide as a yellow liquid. Reaction of m-toluic acid with thionyl chloride, followed by diethylamine produced 0. 340 g of a yellow liquid the IR spectrum of which unequivocally showed the presence of the amide carbonyl functional group at 1633 cm-1. In addition, absorptions due to aliphatic C-H (2980 – 2880 cm-1), and aromatic C=C (at 1585 cm-1). The IR spectrum is attached to this report. These data are consistent with the structure of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), shown in Figure 2 below: [pic] Figure 2: N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) In addition, the IR of the product closely corresponds with that of an authentic sample of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) shown in the lab text. 9 Also, the 1H-NMR shows the presence of four (4) aromatic protons in the region 7. 3 – 7. 1 ppm, as well as a three (3) proton singlet at 2. 35 ppm, which corresponds to the benzylic methyl group. The presence of two ethyl groups is clearly shown by the presence of two quartets which integrate to 2 protons each at 3. 53 and 3. 24 ppm, and two triplets which integrate to 3 protons each at 1. 23 and 1. 09 ppm.

Thorpe Park Essays

Thorpe Park Essays Thorpe Park Essay Thorpe Park Essay My aim is to investigate the different ways in which physics are involved to create thrilling yet safe rides. Some examples of the physics used in a theme park, which I intend to explore in this piece of coursework, are the following:* The sensation of weightlessness* Large accelerations of the body* Large decelerations of the body* Changes in kinetic and potential energy* Newtons laws of motion* Power and work done* Lifting forces and stopping forcesI have chosen the ride called detonator. I must find out two pieces of information needed before I carry out my investigation and carry out my calculations. I will firstly need to estimate the mass of the carriage and the height (displacement) of the tower.Estimating the massThere are twelve seats, each holding a person who on average has a mass of 90kg. There is a large carriage with a mass of 1500kg although this is an estimate. The total mass equals 2580kg, this is an estimate this is not very accurate as not every rider is identical and has a mass of 90kg some may have a higher or less weight. This will affect my results slightly.Estimating the heightTo estimate the height of the detonator I will use similar triangles to accomplish this.Two triangles are similar if they have the same shape. They dont have to be the same size. For the smaller triangle, I will evaluate the ratio of the side with length h to the side with length l. This is the same as, with respect to the larger triangle, the ratio of the side with length H to the side with length L. That is h/l = H/LI used two rulers to record the measurements of l and h, the two rulers being 90 degrees parallel to one another. The value of L, length, was recorded by the distance from where I was to the point at where the ride is situated. I recorded the values for:* h = 29.1cm = 0.29meters,* l = 37.1cm = 0.37meters,* L = (97 paces at 0.39) + 6m = 43.83meters.I am now able to calculate the height of the detonator (H):h/l = H/L h/41.8 = 0.29/0.37 h= (43.83x 0.29) /0.37Height = 34.35 meters.When I calculated the height of the ride I did not consider where the carriage started, therefore the displacement is not from the top of the tower. My calculation is not very accurate. I will now subtract 3.27 meters for the length of the carriage. So my new height is 31.08 meters.Average VelocitiesOnce I have estimated the height of the tower I am now able to calculate the average velocities of various stages in the ride. Velocity is the speed at which the carriage changes position. A higher velocity means an object is travelling faster between two given positions. I will include the average velocity of the carriage on its journey up to the top of the ride, the average velocity of the carriage on its journey down the ride, the average velocity of the whole ride, the average velocity of the free fall distance part of the ride. I will also estimate the average velocity of the braking distance. I used a stopwatch and was able to time how long the carriage t ook to complete all five stages of the ride. With this value I was able to calculate the velocity with the simple formula s=d/t. My average velocities are unfair, as I have not taken into consideration air resistance or friction, which would slow the carriage down slightly. Although in most cases this is small enough to be neglected.I got the free fall distance by estimating the displacement of the ride from where the carriage started at the top of the tower until the while plates located on the side of the tower, which are used to slow the carriage down. This is the displacement that the carriage is travelling whilst in free fall. I think this is an inaccurate measurement as I used my observation. I latter went onto the Thorpe park website and found that the free fall distance is actually 29.5meters. I estimated 27 meters and was only 2.5 meters too short, I think that is only a small inaccuracy.I went on to the Internet and found the actual average free fall velocity of the ride t o be 15ms-1, with my value at 11.64ms-1. This is only a slight inaccuracy and is a fairly reasonable result. The inaccuracy may have been caused by the many possible human errors or slight inaccurate results collected by using the stopwatch. An example would be the delay or quickness of my reactions to stop the watch when the required destination is met.TimeI recorded the times with a standard digital stopwatch. I recorded three sets of results for the five times and worked out an average for a more accurate set of results. This was a reliable but inaccurate method as many human or technical errors where possible, causing an unfair set of results.Free fallGalileo first introduced the concept known as free fall. According to legend, Galileo dropped balls of different mass from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to help support his ideas. These classic experiments led to the finding that all objects free fall at the same rate, regardless of their mass.An object in the state of free fall is onl y influenced by the force of gravity. The object has a downward acceleration toward the centre of the earth (9.81ms-2), the source of gravity.I will use a constant acceleration formula to investigate whether the detonator has an acceleration of -9.81ms-2, as Galileo predicted. The displacement of the free fall ride is 27meters as I previously estimated (see page 1). The time of the free fall part of the ride is 2.32 seconds as I also previously recorded.A=?S=27metersT= 2.32 secondsU= 0ms-1V=S= ut + 1/2at2S = 1/2 at2a= 2s/t2a = 2x 272.322a= 10.03 ms-2This is near the value of acceleration due to gravity. I think this is a reasonable result due to the limitations. Firstly the displacement was just an estimate and may not be the exact value, this would affect the result, as it may be a greater or less value. The time is not the exact value of the free fall ride as I used my observation to stop the watch when I thought the carriage reached the white plates, when it started to decelerate , this may not be an accurate value. With such a small inaccuracy I think that I can safely draw the conclusion that the carriage free falls at the same acceleration as that of the gravitational pull of the earth, as predicted above. I have taken into consideration inaccuracies. Another ride that relies on free fall is called tidal wave. This is a roller coaster, which descends down a slope with a component of the gravitational pull of the earth. As further work I could work out the acceleration of this ride to investigate the component of gravity.Newton later took Galileos discoveries concerning mechanics and incorporated these principles into his laws of motion. Newtons first law applied very much to the ride which states; every body remains at rest or in uniform motion in a straight lie unless acted upon by a force. It is this first law of motion, which applies to the ride, firstly when the ride is at the top and is stationary. Whilst at the top there are two forces acting upon t he seat of the carriage. The forces act in such a way that they counteract to each other. As the rider sits in their seat at this moment, the seat pushes upward with a force equal in strength and opposite in direction to the force of gravity, which is causing the passengers weight. These two forces are said to balance each other, causing the rider to remain at rest. If the seat is suddenly pulled out from under the rider, then he experiences an unbalanced force. There is no longer an upward seat force to balance the downward pull of gravity, so he accelerates uniformly to the ground, until the carriage decelerates. It is at this point where a force is applied to slow the carriage down bringing it to a controlled stop.The detonator can give its passengers the sensation of free-fall. It consists of three distinct parts: ascending to the top, momentary suspension, and then the quick downward plunge.Ascending to the topIn the first part of the ride, force applied to the car lifts it to the top of the tower. The amount of force depends on the mass of the car and the passengers within the car. Motors create this upward force. There are built-in safety allowances for variables concerning the mass of the riders. F=ma, F=2580x-9.81, F= 25309.8N. This may not be a very accurate result as the mass of the carriage is just an estimate and not a true value. Whilst the carriage is gaining height it is also gaining gravitational energy. The carriage also contains little kinetic energy on its journey.Momentary suspensionWhilst the car is stationary at the top of the tower the gravitational potential energy is at its greatest. Gravitational potential energy is the energy possessed by the carriage because of its height above the ground. The amount of GPE depends upon its mass and its height. I have worked the GPE with the following formulae:Gain in gravitational potential energy = mass x gravity x height.2580(kg) x 9.81(ms-1) x 31.08(m)= 786628NThe value for the GPE may be inacc urate as I estimated the height and this might not be the exact value. Also the mass of the carriage it an estimate and is not identical for every ride, so it varies for every ride.With the GPE I am now able to calculate the minimum power used by the motor to lift the carriage. I will use the formula: power=Energy Transferred/Time.P=786628(N)/17.82(s)P = 44143 wattsThis value may be inaccurate as the GPE I calculated is not an accurate value, also the time may be inaccurate as I used a stopwatch and inaccuracy could have occurred. This is the minimum power used, as the motor is not 100% efficient due to friction, increase/decrease in mass due to passenger mass, air resistance, also loss of power due to heat e.t.c.Newtons third law of motion states that; To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. A 6okg man would experience a 0N resultant force acting on his seat whilst at rest, and a 589N reaction force acting on his seat. F=ma, F=609.81=589N.Quick downward plungeFrom the top of the tower the car is swiftly accelerated towards the ground under the influence of the earths gravitational field only, as I previously calculated. It is at this point, which the car gains kinetic energy and looses potential energy. A unique magnetic braking system helps bring the ride to a controlled stop. The faster the carriage moves, the larger resistive forces become.F=maF=25809.81=25309.8NWe measure the energy an object has by the work it can do. The work is done when the carriage is moved by the force of gravity. I will now calculate the work done:work done = force x displacement in direction of forcewd=25310x27wd= 683370j this is not very accurate as I did not consider air resistance or friction. Also the force involves an estimate of the mass of the carriage, which is not identical in all the rides.Kinetic energyThe kinetic energy of the carriage is the energy possessed because of its motion. The kinetic energy is greatest when it is at a minimum height. I have w orked out the kinetic energy possessed by the carriage whilst in free-fall.Loss of Gravitational Potential Energy = Gain in kinetic EnergyMgh = 1/2mv2gh = 1/2 v29.81 x 31.08 = 1/2 v2304.8 = 1/2 v2609 = vv = 25ms-1The main limitation in this calculation is the fact that the height of the ride is an estimate, which may be inaccurate. Also I did not consider the air resistance or friction of the carriage and tower, which would slow the carriage down. In most cases this is small enough to be neglected.I will now use the constant acceleration formulas to calculate the final velocity just after the free-fall part of the ride, just before the deceleration.A= -9.8ms-2S= 27metersT= 2.32sU= 0ms-1V= ?I will now calculate the rate of deceleration as the carriage comes to a stop. I will use the constant acceleration formulas. Displacement is 4.08 meters as I estimated (page 1), the time for the carriage to stop during deceleration is 2.32 seconds as I also recorded; the initial velocity is 23.3m s-1 as I calculated above.A=?S= 4.08mT= 1.7sU= 23.3ms-1V= 0V2 = u2 + 2asv2_u 2 = a2sa = 02 23.3224.08a=66.5ms-2=6.8gsI looked up onto the Internet and found out that the carriage is changing its speed at a rate of 5gs. My calculation was 6.8gs, (6.8 5 =) I was just 1.8gs out. There are many factors, which could have caused this inaccuracy. Firstly the displacement of the deceleration is an estimate, I measured the distance that the carriage travels whilst decelerating the same way I measured the height, by using similar triangles (see page 1). This was an inaccurate measurement as I latter found out on the Internet the displacement to be 5.0 meters, I was 0.92 meters out. This affected my calculation significantly. Secondly the time was such a small measurement that it was really hard for me to get the exact time whilst the carriage is decelerating as I used a manually operated digital stop watch and my reactions were not fast enough. Also I did not take into account air resistanc e or friction of the carriage, which would slow the carriage down. This is usually a small amount as the mass of the carriage is high but would affect my result slightly.WeightlessnessThe detonator produces a sensation of weightlessness. These sensations result when riders no longer feel an external force acting upon their bodies. At the top of the tower of a free-fall ride, a 60kg rider would feel 589N of force from the seat pushing as an external force upon their body. The rider feels their normal weight. Yet as, she falls from the tower, the seat has fallen from under her. She no longer feels the external force of the seat and subsequently has a brief sensation of weightlessness, in this ride 2.32 seconds of weightlessness. The rider has not lost any weight, but she feels as though she has because of the absence of the seat force.Discussion of future developmentsIt is hard to find any future developments, which would improve the ride in any way because top physics have been used to design this ride. Maybe you could increase the duration of the free fall part of the ride, making a longer sensation of weightlessness. Also increasing the height of the ride would increase the gravitational potential energy and as the carriage descends it will loose more kinetic energy therefore going faster. This too would increase the sensation if weightlessness.ImprovementsI think that this investigation was overall very successful. I estimated the height of the detonator to be 31.08meters high. I later researched on the Internet and found the actual height to be 30.48. My estimate was only 0.6 meters out and was a very pleasing result. To improve this investigation I would spend a bit more time in the theme park to gather and check through the calculations and to make sure they are accurate.

Advantage and Disadvantage of Living Abroad

The first advantage is easy to learn another language. This means if you are living abroad, you can learn another language. For example, your original language is Chinese, but now you living in America, you can learn English and speak it well. In addition, the second advantage is can know different culture. This means you can learn lots of knowledge and custom in that country. The final advantage is can make friend with people from different country. This means you can be happy with new friends. For instance, I study in Malaysia; I have friends from Japan, Korea, and Malaysia. Aside for the advantage, there are some disadvantages of living abroad. Firstly, you may not easily find a helper to help you if you are having a problem. Moreover, you will waste a lot of money on transportation. For example, take cab can cost you more than driving your own car. You need adapt to your new environment is also a disadvantage at living abroad. For example, you need to try to eat those indigenous foods though you don’t like it. At the end, living abroad also has many disadvantages. To sum up living abroad can be easy to learn another language, know different culture and make friends with people from different country. But also need to conquer those issue such as different environment, transportation and become more independent. So living abroad have many advantages and disadvantages. Advantage and Disadvantage of Living Abroad The first advantage is easy to learn another language. This means if you are living abroad, you can learn another language. For example, your original language is Chinese, but now you living in America, you can learn English and speak it well. In addition, the second advantage is can know different culture. This means you can learn lots of knowledge and custom in that country. The final advantage is can make friend with people from different country. This means you can be happy with new friends. For instance, I study in Malaysia; I have friends from Japan, Korea, and Malaysia. Aside for the advantage, there are some disadvantages of living abroad. Firstly, you may not easily find a helper to help you if you are having a problem. Moreover, you will waste a lot of money on transportation. For example, take cab can cost you more than driving your own car. You need adapt to your new environment is also a disadvantage at living abroad. For example, you need to try to eat those indigenous foods though you don’t like it. At the end, living abroad also has many disadvantages. To sum up living abroad can be easy to learn another language, know different culture and make friends with people from different country. But also need to conquer those issue such as different environment, transportation and become more independent. So living abroad have many advantages and disadvantages.

Trainspotting by Danny Boyle, 1996 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trainspotting by Danny Boyle, 1996 - Essay Example This paper will discuss Boyle’s use of parallel editing. According to visual arts and film studies, parallel editing is a technique whereby two or more scenes happen simultaneously, but in different locations co-currently (Smith 6). In some cases, this technique is also known as cross-cutting. In most cases, when the scenes are simultaneous, they culminate in a single area whereby the parties are involved in a confrontation. Cross or parallel editing is used to create suspense hence, adding interest and excitement to a film scene. In this case, Masahiro Hirakubo was responsible for editing this film. Boyle employed the parallel editing technique in several scenes, in the film. Trainspotting the film captures the insolent and amoral intelligence of Welsh as portrayed in the cult novel by Irvine Welsh. The beginning of the film contains severe editing hence; the audience notices that the film significantly affected Britain and it did not dent America. The most probable reason why the movie did not affect America was that it was too apparent for those conservatives. The scenes in the film clearly assert that Trainspotting is the most liberal film that is connected to drug-related issues. Boyle juggles parallel character strands and juxtaposes several images (Smith 23). The film centres on the youthful disaffection with the verve of an exemplary pop culture. According to the events presented in Trainspotting, Boyle developed the technique of using cross editing to provoke suspense. In the introductory section, McGregor and Bremner were running down Princes Street after they were being pursued by security guards. However, after being sober from the induced state, McGregor decides to quit heroin (Smith 34). Later on, he decides to buy opium rectal suppositories and decides to undergo withdrawal in a small hotel. However, when he is close to his friends in a sober state he feels like an outcast. He later goes to the bar and has sex with a woman called Diane (Macdonald) who later refuses to let him sleep in his house.     

Coping with racism as a latino in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Coping with racism as a latino in the US - Essay Example From the very first day the world was created, discrimination sprout its root as variety came to being. In the human world, people have been discriminated in terms of races, religion, color plus other specific details. Every day as we carry our daily activities, discrimination is in the face of everyone with mean, what matters is, what kind is it. In the American society, cultures and races which were not initially part of the American, especially immigrants, commonly face discrimination. Every year, approximately 20,000 cases concerning racing discrimination are reported according to the National discrimination council of the United States of America. The Latinos and blacks are common people discriminated in the United States. Discrimination in general is not a good thing among the human beings since all human s are humans and not special from one another. Since Latinos are among one of the races discriminated in the United States, different reactions have been expressed by the community in term of how they are treated. Innocent people yearly usually come from the Latino speaking continents in search of better pay in the United States, only to realize there has been pre-existing discrimination towards their community. From the psychological point of view, one would argue that the discrimination might not be only racial in character, but something deeper, and more pertaining scramble for good jobs. The Americans think that the Latinos would take most of their jobs and displace them in senior posts (Chavez 2011). It is always normal for human beings to feel jealous for development of other people, but when they express it physically, and then it will be counted as discrimination. As like other American of color these very hardworking Latinos are subjected to widespread and intense hostility, exploitation and discrimination. They are often cheated out of their income and denied basic needs and public